Definition of Luddites

The Luddites were weavers in England in the early 19th century who were being put out of work by the introduction of machinery. They responded in dramatic fashion by organizing to attack and smash the new machines. The term Luddite is generally used today to describe someone who does not like, or does not comprehend, new technology, especially computers. But the actual Luddites, while they did attack machines, were not mindlessly opposed to any and all progress. The Luddites were actually rebelling against a profound change in their way of life and their economic circumstances. One could argue that the Luddites have gotten a bad rap. They were not stupidly attacking the future. And even when they did physically attack machinery, they showed a skill for effective organization.   And their crusade against the introduction of machinery was based on a reverence for traditional work. That may seem quaint, but the reality is that early machines used the textile industries produced work that was inferior to the traditional hand-crafted fabrics and garments. So some Luddite objections were based on a concern for quality workmanship. The outbreaks of Luddite violence in England began in late 1811 and escalated throughout the following months. By the spring of 1812, in some regions of England, attacks on machinery were occurring nearly every night. Parliament reacted by making destruction of machinery a capital crime and by the end of 1812 a number of Luddites had been arrested and executed. The Name Luddite Has Mysterious Roots The most common explanation of the name Luddite is that it is based on a boy named Ned Ludd who broke a machine, either on purpose or through clumsiness, in the 1790s. The story of Ned Ludd was told so often that to break a machine became known, in some English villages, to behave like Ned Ludd, or to do like Ludd. When the weavers who were being put out of work began to strike back by smashing machines, they said they were following the orders of General Ludd. As the movement spread they became known as Luddites. At times the Luddites sent letters or posted proclamations signed by the mythical leader General Ludd. The Introduction of Machines Outraged the Luddites Skilled workers, living and working in their own cottages, had been producing woolen cloth for generations. And the introduction of shearing frames in the 1790s began to industrialize the work. The frames were essentially several pairs of hand shears placed onto a machine which was operated by one man turning a crank. A single man at a shearing frame could do the work that had previously been done by a number of men cutting fabric with hand shears. Other devices to process wool came into use in the first decade of the 19th century. And by 1811 many textile workers realized that their very way of life was being threatened by the machines which could do the work faster. The Origins of the Luddite Movement The beginning of organized Luddite activity is often traced to an event in November 1811, when a group of weavers armed themselves with improvised weapons. Using hammers and axes, the men broke into a workshop in the village of Bulwell determined to smash frames, the machines used to shear wool. The incident turned violent when men guarding the workshop fired at the attackers, and the Luddites fired back. One of the Luddites was killed. Machines used in the emerging wool industry had been smashed before, but the incident at Bulwell raised the stakes considerably. And actions against machines began to accelerate. In December 1811, and into the early months of 1812, late-night attacks on machines continued in parts of the English countryside. Parliaments Reaction to the Luddites In January 1812 the British government sent 3,000 troops into the English Midlands in an effort to suppress Luddite attacks on machinery. The Luddites were being taken very seriously. In February 1812 the British Parliament took up the issue and began debating whether to make machine breaking an offense punishable by capital punishment. During the Parliamentary debates, one member of the House of Lords, Lord Byron, the young poet, spoke out against making frame breaking a capital crime. Lord Byron was sympathetic to the poverty which faced unemployed weavers, but his arguments did not change many minds. In early March 1812 frame breaking was made a capital offense. In other words, the destruction of machinery, specifically the machines that turned wool into cloth, was declared a crime on the same level as murder and could be punished by hanging. The British Militarys Response to the Luddites An improvised army of about 300 Luddites attacked a mill in the village of Dumb Steeple, England, in early April 1811. The mill had been fortified, and two Luddites were shot dead in a short battle in which the barricaded doors of the mill could not be forced open. The size of the attacking force led to rumors about a widespread uprising. By some reports there were guns and other weapons being smuggled in from Ireland, and there was a genuine fear that the entire countryside would rise up in rebellion against the government. Against that backdrop, a large military force commanded by General Thomas Maitland, who had previously put down rebellions in British colonies in India and the West Indies, was directed to end the Luddite violence. Informers and spies led to arrests of a number of Luddites throughout the summer of 1812. Trials were held at York in late 1812, and 14 Luddites were publicly hanged. Luddites convicted of lesser offenses were sentenced to punishment by transportation, and were sent to British penal colonies in Tasmania. The widespread Luddite violence came to an end by 1813, though there would be other outbreaks of machine breaking. And for several years public unrest, including riots, were linked to the Luddite cause. And, of course, the Luddites were not able to stop the influx of machinery. By the 1820s mechanization had essentially taken over the woolen trade, and later in the 1800s manufacture of cotton cloth, using very complex machinery, would be a major British industry. Indeed, by the 1850s machines were lauded. At the Great Exhibition of 1851 millions of excited spectators came to the Crystal Palace to watch new machines turn raw cotton into finished fabric.

Arguments For Support Claims With Clear Reasons And...

Final Unit Plan Michael Bruce Hill July 6, 2015 Professor Tate EDU 501 Summary: To be able to write arguments to support claims with clear reasons and relevant evidence. (Common Core) Writing Standards Text Types and Purposes 1. Write arguments to support claims with clear reasons and relevant evidence. a. Introduce claim(s), acknowledge and distinguish the claim(s) from alternate or opposing claims, and organize the reasons and evidence logically. b. Support claim(s) with logical reasoning and relevant evidence, using accurate, credible sources and demonstrating an understanding of the topic or text. c. Use words, phrases, and clauses to create cohesion and clarify the relationships among claim(s), counterclaims, reasons, and evidence. d. Establish and maintain a formal style. e. Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports the argument presented. (Common Core) Michael Bruce Hill Unwrapping My Plan for 8th Grade ELA Students Objective: To be able to write arguments to support claims with clear reasons and relevant evidence. Prerequisite Skills 1. Introduce opposing claims and their reasons logically. 2. Support claims with relevant evidence using credible sources. 3. Clarify relations between claims, counterclaims, reasons, and evidence. 4. Use a formal style. 5. Conclude in a way that logically follows from the premises. Key Terms (vocabulary) Definition Student-friendlyShow MoreRelatedOutline And Objective Of A Persuasive Text1284 Words   |  6 Pagessupporting evidence, reasons, and a claim in a persuasive text is a lot like building a puzzle. Without the outside border, the inside pieces won’t seem complete and without the inside pieces, you have an empty picture. Evidence and reasoning are the two basic pieces of your persuasive letter. Without these, you’ll simply have a frame—your claim—without information to complete the argument. Explaining how things connect for your reader is one of the most important ways to strengthen your argument. TodayRead MoreEvaluation Of A Good Argument1394 Words   |  6 Pages7.3 – Neutralization of the fallacy: In paragraph 4 the author has violated the sufficiency criterion of a good argument. The author has violates the sufficiency criteria by committing the fallacy of false analogy. In paragraph 4 the author states, â€Å"In the mid 1940s – before publicly funded healthcare – my grand parents sold their car to pay the hospital bill related to my father’s birth, so â€Å"purchasing† the birth of a child is nothing new.† This is a wrong analogy. Just because you pay for hospitalRead Morenm,n. On the other hand the main dissimilarity of those two essays is authors view towards the society. Their ideas are very helpful for the development of our society.1747 Words   |  7 PagesEvaluation of an Argument through Analysis – In this assignment, you are required to show your abilities to summarize and evaluate the effectiveness of an argument, based on your analysis of it. Thus far in the course, we have explored the ways in which we read and analyze an argumentative text critically. Critical analysis of a text requires us to look for what the author claims (the main idea/thesis) and to closely examine how the author supports the claim (via subsidiary claims and evidence). It alsoRead MoreWhen Is The Last Time You Fought With Someone For Hours1552 Words   |  7 PagesArgumentation takes place all around the world in messages designed to influence other beliefs and behaviors. A rational argument adapts to the audience in an ethical manner, fulfills the requirements of presumption and burden of proof and effectively supports the claims while avoiding common fallacies. Audience analysis is one of the most important aspects of creating a respectable argument. Since the purpose at stake is to influence thought and behavior, it is essential for the advocate to adapt theirRead MoreCritical Analysis - Cognitive Dissonance, Media Illiteracy and Public Opinion on News Media’1546 Words   |  7 Pagesnewspapers and television news and shows why a lot of the quantitative research taken over the past several decades is in fact invalid. The main purpose of this article is to compare and contrast newspaper and television news, and investigate the reasons why one source is more credible and reliable than the other. He also discusses the decline in the audiences of both. Context – Many other scholars have cited Claussen as to why he believes people choose TV news over newspaper is because ‘itRead MoreEssay about A Rhetorical Perspective on the Issue of WikiLeaks1712 Words   |  7 Pagesreleased by the website will endanger anyone. The only people who will be negatively affected, Greenhut says, would be the government officials whose â€Å"hypocrisy and corruption† would be shamefully exposed (Greenhut 1.) In the opposite side of the argument stands S.E. Cupp. In an article, she says that WikiLeaks and its proponents are jeopardizing innocent life by recklessly releasing unfiltered information for the entire world to access. She argues that by irresponsibly posting classified informationRead MoreThe Fashion Choices People Make Should Not Define Who They Are1288 Words   |  6 Pagesdetermine whether they are good or bad. I chose this argument topic because it involves my major in fashion and also an issue for which I can relate. The study of fashion and sociology can relate in some ways, therefore, this would be an interesting argumentative research topic. The first key point that I can use in my essay would be that children, especially teenagers, are judge by their peers based on their fashion choices. This claim supports my argument by showing that teenagers that are judged harshlyRead MoreAnalysis Of Protecting Freedom Of Expression On The Campus1066 Words   |  5 Pagesargues that rather than prohibiting the expression of offensive speech, it would be better to ignore it. He fails to support his claim by dismissing the emotional discomfort that people might find themselves in, in response to someone’s offensive expressions, and by not being a credible source of information on the topic, but he successfully appeals to the reader by offering logical reasons as to why censorship is dangerous. Bok’s purpose is to inform the reader of the potential problems that could ariseRead MoreA Critical Evaluation Of Theological Background1108 Words   |  5 Pagesbecame Man† defends and explains the reasons for the Incarnat ion of Jesus Christ by offering a strong Christian perspective and leveraging biblical text. Strauss was a Bible teacher, author, and speaker. He claimed his message was â€Å"for plain people.† Wilbur Smith declared Strauss’ Revelation study was the most helpful volume of the twentieth century. The following review presents a critical evaluation of theological background, topical understating, argument construction, opposing viewpoints, topicRead MoreCritical Analysis of Deaths Waiting List Essay1094 Words   |  5 PagesS. She hopes to convince the reader that the only guarantee of getting a transplant is to skip the wait list and just buy one. Although Satel makes a good argument she seems very biased and provides biased evidence to support her claims. Satel claims that there is a problem with organ donations. In order to prove this she begins her argument by stating that the wait for a kidney in a big city, â€Å"is five to eight years and expected to double by 2010.†(2) Well, it is now 2012 and it still takes the

Compare the Presentation of Nature in one Heaney poem, one Clarke poem and two pre

Compare the Presentation of Nature in one Heaney poem, one Clarke poem and two pre-1914 poems Essay My essay will compare the presentation of nature in Seamus Heaneys Death of a Naturalist, Gillian Clarkes A Difficult Birth, Easter 1998 as well as Patrolling Barnegat and Sonnet from the pre-1914 bank. Nature is a theme which can be represented in different ways. Poets choose nature as a theme in their poems for different reasons. Some choose nature as they see it as something beautiful where as others choose it due to its power to be cruel and destructive. Many poets use nature as a background to a human experience and is often used to represent emotions and events. In Death of a Naturalist Seamus Heaney uses nature as theme to desribe his change of emotions. In A Difficult Birth Gillian Clarke uses nature as a theme to represent the Irish peace talks, an event which was occuring at Easter time in 1998. A number of pre-1914 poets also use nature to represent what their poem is about. In Patrolling Barnegat the poet Walt Whitman uses nature to show how destructive it can be through a storm and in Sonnet John Clare uses nature to describe the beatry of the countryside during the summer months. The way in which the poets structure their poems relates to the use of nature in representing the emotions and events of the poems. For example, in Death of a Naturalist, the first stanza is about Heaneys enjoyment at working with the frogspawn, but best of was the warm thick slobber. In contrast, the second stanza is about his change of perception of the frogs as he is now frightened of them, I sickened, turned and ran. Similarly, in A Difficult Birth each stanza shows a different stage of the birth and also peace process. For example, in the third stanza, the lamb wont come suggests that there are difficulties, then in the fourth stanza, the poet says we strain together and the lamb is born. This allows us to see the difficulties of this natural event and it gives us an idea of how hard the peace deal was the negotiate. As the structure changed being the stanza in this case, as does the situation. In Death of a Naturalist his situation changes from one stanza to another and the same occurs in A Difficult Birth. Both of the pre-1914 poems also use structure in a way in which it relates to the theme of nature. Both poems are one large sentence with Patrolling Barnegat only using commas at the end of each line and Sonnet doesnt use any punctuation at all. Although both are similar in this way of structuring I believe it is done for differing reasons in each of the poems. In Patrolling Barnegat the long sentence is put in place to create a sense that the storm is happening at the present time rather than writing about it in the past. Where as in Sonnet, I believe this way of structuring has been put in place because it helps the poet create one image on the countryside rather than seperate images meshing together as one. Another way in which the structure is used in a way in which it relates to the theme of nature is the rhyme scheme. In Patrolling Barnegat, at the end of every line each word ends with -ing such as remitting, careering and slanting, I believe this is done to again emphasise that the event of the storm is happening as the poem is being written. The rhyme scheme of Sonnet differs to that of Patrolling Barnegat. In Sonnet there is a simple rhyme scheme in which two lines have two endings which have the same sound and/or spelling. I believe Clare uses such a simple rhyme scheme because it is like a summery day in the countryside, uncomplicated and simple in its beauty. All four poets use language and imagery from nature to make the events and emotions within the poem seem more vivid. .u0974244df3d31efd507284de37ea684f , .u0974244df3d31efd507284de37ea684f .postImageUrl , .u0974244df3d31efd507284de37ea684f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0974244df3d31efd507284de37ea684f , .u0974244df3d31efd507284de37ea684f:hover , .u0974244df3d31efd507284de37ea684f:visited , .u0974244df3d31efd507284de37ea684f:active { border:0!important; } .u0974244df3d31efd507284de37ea684f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0974244df3d31efd507284de37ea684f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0974244df3d31efd507284de37ea684f:active , .u0974244df3d31efd507284de37ea684f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0974244df3d31efd507284de37ea684f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0974244df3d31efd507284de37ea684f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0974244df3d31efd507284de37ea684f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0974244df3d31efd507284de37ea684f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0974244df3d31efd507284de37ea684f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0974244df3d31efd507284de37ea684f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0974244df3d31efd507284de37ea684f .u0974244df3d31efd507284de37ea684f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0974244df3d31efd507284de37ea684f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: How does Shakespeare and Duffy approach the theme of love EssayIn Death of a Naturalist, Heaney uses war-like language to desribe the situation he finds himself in with the frogs, he uses words such as Invaded and grenades to describe the frogs and their actions when the frogs enter the dam. He sees the frogs as being things terrifying like war, and uses this sort of language to desribe it. Patrolling Barnegat also uses miliatary words to describe the on going situation. Whitman uses words such as advancing to create the idea that the storm is like a battleground between the land and the sea. The people who are patrolling the beach are there to try and prevent the land fro m attack. The same can be said about Gillian Clarkes poem A Difficult Birth, this poem has language about the war which was happening in Northern Ireland such as since Easter 1916, exhausted, tamed by pain, showing how the war has effecteds the people of the country. The difference between the two poems of Heaney and Whitman compared the that of Clarke is that there seems to have been no resolution in Death of a Naturalist, Heaney still frightened of the frogs, and Patrolling Barnegat, the storm seems to be ongoing due to the -ing endings. Where as in A Difficult Birth there was a resolution, peace, as shown metaphorically by the birth of the lamb, which represented the birth of peace. Each of the poets is trying to use the image of Nature to express different feelings and emit their different attitudes. Three of the poems being Death of a Naturalist, A Difficult Birth and Patrolling Barnegat all use nature to describe the fear they are feeling or other people are feeling. In Death of a Naturalist Heaney shows fear as he is frightened by the frogs as shown by I sickened, turned, and ran, showing that he fears the frogs so much that he felt the need to run away. A Difficult Birth shows fear as the people of Northern Ireland feared the peace deal would never go through, this is shown in the poem metaphorically through the fear that the lamb would never be born, But the lamb wont come. Fear is shown in Patrolling Barnegat as the people patrolling Barnegat fear that if the sea does attack then they will perish so they act cautiously. As well as fear, three of the poems also contain happiness, these three poems being Sonnet, Death of a Naturalist and A Difficult Birth. Sonnet is a generally happy poem. John Clare seems to be happy due to it being summer and him being in the countryside. Death of a Naturalist begins with Seamus Heaney being happy workin with the frogspawn but then his perception changes where as in A Difficult Birth the poem begins in a worrying tone, but once the two lambs are borned meaning the peace deal has been signed then there is happiness. In conclusion, all four of these poems are made to be more powerful through their use of nature. Natural images are used to help us imagine feelings and ideas more clearly, even if it is beyond our personal experiences. I find the use of nature to represent emotions particularly moving in A Difficult Birth as it enables the poet to desribe their emotions and feelings of at first worry and then relief and joy in a very well worked way.

Numbers and Artificial Intelligence Essay Example For Students

Numbers and Artificial Intelligence Essay All of us when introduced to the real world learn to count things or ideas. Its number, which gives us happiness, sorrow, jealousy or pain. Our love and hatred depend on some numbers and our expression and reaction related to all abstract or real ideas surely depend on some numbers, which are natural numbers. Have we ever thought of applying non-natural numbers in real life? However funny it sounds, it may be possible (at least in this writing) to apply real numbers to the field or reality. It may be attached to the count of things and ideas or expression of our feelings. A particular abject, say a chair if counted as one chair may be mentioned as a one-third chair when your child breaks it in part. In the field of mathematics we use so many types of numbers while in real life we are only confined to the natural numbers. Happiness of an individual comes from number, and this number may be the amount of his bank-deposit or it can be the number of people he could make him understandable to. Again we can define or express minimum happiness by a number, which is probably 1. Double of that happiness is surely 2 and triple of that is 3. In this way sorrow can be represented as -1 and a depressing condition can be depicted as 5. So a symbolic number can represent the condition where sorrow and happiness both are there. So positive and negative numbers or mixed numbers or special type of numbers can be a useful symbol to make the machine understand and react a persons mood, demand or action. A machine, if it can understand a person and his or her way of thinking, it surely can understand the difference between an emotional person and a person with no emotion. It also can detect an individual with anger or sorrow or particular attitude to his own or to others. At least it will be easy to record the bio-data of a person. There are psychologists to measure the person but hardly that are understandable by the machine as well as the computer. As a human can understand an individual, a machine, for example a computer cant. So its really hard for a machine to take any step without the help of a human brain. Also the machine can have particular mood or ability to use that mood if it can interpret the number to real mood by some electronic signal and can perform some particular actions according to that mood. So the mood-representing number, if it can be recorded, can create those activities related to the mood. At least it will find it easier to aggravate, persist or analyze the particular action connected to the mood related to it. So a creative person, like a poet or a scientist can be translated to machine and the machine can behave or act like that particular person. It can even be thought that some combination of numbers or symbols as well as signals can be assembled to create the core of the activity of a person with abilities of various talented persons. So the machine will be enough to work in a condition which is surely considered adverse according to the creative persons. So the basic of creativity will be interpreted, aggravated and used to a large extend by the humanity. Bibliography: .

Argumentative Research Paper Topics

Argumentative Research Paper Topics Argumentative Research Paper Topics Argumentative Research Paper Topics An example of the research paper introduction on the topic about the Internet: The end of the XX century is marked by the increasingly widespread use of computers and information technology in so many different areas. Computers permit significantly improve the efficiency of work in the various activities and open up new horizons of knowledge to humans. Therefore, the possession of skills of working with the computer is very important for today's effective work, and especially for getting maximum benefit from such skills in the future Note if you have any computer terms such as WWW or others in your paper, you should give their definition in the introduction. The confidence that everybody in your group knows what it is does not give you the permission to avoid explanation of these terms in the introduction of your research paper. Help Writing a Research Paper While writing a research paper about the culture of ancient Greece, you may research such interesting historical topics as culture and art, the world of the Greek myths (life after death, Olympic games, etc.), and Roman conquest. In the result of your college research paper writing, you may write the following conclusion: But not only the art and science of Greeks have influenced the development of European civilization. The Greek understanding of the value of individual rights, the recognition of their rights to personal liberty and the rights of every people to self-determination were the ideas on which all modern European democracy was based.   In such a way, ancient Greece approved and was carrying out through centuries its highest spiritual authority, notably defined the shape of the whole world. Research Paper Help Research paper writing on any topic requires good understanding of the topic and good argumentation to support your thesis statement. Write a research paper on the basis of your thesis statement. Describe the main controversial point of view in your college paper writing. English research paper must not be boring. Before writing your paper, you may ask your colleagues whether it would be interesting for them to know this or that information. The confidence that something would be interesting for them gives you a desire to find an interesting answer to the question. While writing research paper, you should feel yourself as Christopher Columbus. You will be discovering something new and unknown to your friends. All you need to do is to find an interesting research paper topic. is available 24/7 to assist you with research paper writing.   If you have not decided on argumentative research paper topic, you are welcome to request free advice.   We are open for cooperation and sharing of ideas.   Feel free to contact us if you want to learn more about prices, services, bonuses and discounts.

Seleucus as a Successor of Alexander

Seleucus as a Successor of Alexander Seleucus was one of the Diadochi or successors of Alexander. His name was given to the empire he and his successors ruled. These, the Seleucids, may be familiar because they came into contact with the Hellenistic Jews involved in the revolt of the Maccabees (at the heart of the holiday of Hanukkah). Seleucuss Early Life and Family Seleucus himself was one of the Macedonians who fought with Alexander the Great as he conquered Persia and the western part of the Indian subcontinent, from 334 on. His father, Antiochus, had fought with Alexanders father, Philip, and so it is thought Alexander and Seleucus were around the same age, with Seleucus birthdate about 358. His mother was Laodice. Starting his military career while still a young man, Seleucus had become a senior officer by 326, in command of the royal Hypaspistai and on Alexanders staff. He crossed the Hydaspes River, in the Indian subcontinent, along with Alexander, Perdiccas, Lysimachus, and Ptolemy, some of his fellow notables in the empire carved by Alexander. Then, in 324, Seleucus was among those Alexander required to marry Iranian princesses. Seleucus married Apama, daughter of Spitamenes. Appian says Seleucus founded three cities that he named in her honor. She would become the mother of his successor, Antiochus I Soter. This makes the Seleucids par t Macedonian and part Iranian, and so, Persian. Seleucus Flees to Babylonia Perdiccas appointed Seleucus commander of the shield bearers in about 323, but Seleucus was one of those who murdered Perdiccas. Later, Seleucus resigned command, surrendering it to Cassander, son of Antipater so that he could govern as satrap the province of Babylonia when the territorial division was made at Triparadisus in about 320. In c. 315, Seleucus fled from Babylonia and Antigonus Monophthalmus to Egypt and Ptolemy Soter. One day Seleucus insulted an officer without consulting Antigonus, who was present, and Antigonus out of spite asked for accounts of his money and his possessions; Seleucus, being no match for Antigonus, withdrew to Ptolemy in Egypt. Immediately after his flight, Antigonus deposed Blitor, the governor of Mesopotamia, for letting Seleucus escape, and took over personal control of Babylonia, Mesopotamia and all the peoples from the Medes to the Hellespont....- Arrian Seleucus Takes Back Babylonia In 312, at the Battle of Gaza, in the third Diadoch War, Ptolemy and Seleucus defeated Demetrius Polorcetes, son of Antigonus. The next year Seleucus took Babylonia back. When the Babylonian War broke out, Seleucus defeated Nicanor. In 310 he defeated Demetrius. Then Antigonus invaded Babylonia. In 309 Seleucus defeated Antigonus. This marks the start of the Seleucid empire. Then in the Battle of Ipsus, during the fourth Diadoch war, Antigonus was defeated, Seleucus conquered Syria. After Antigonus had fallen in battle [1], the kings who had joined with Seleucus in destroying Antigonus, shared out his territory. Seleucus obtained then Syria from the Euphrates to the sea and inland Phrygia [2]. Always lying in wait for the neighboring peoples, with the power to coerce and the persuasion of diplomacy, he became ruler of Mesopotamia, Armenia, Seleucid Cappadocia (as it is called) [3], the Persians, Parthians, Bactrians, Arians and Tapurians, Sogdia, Arachosia, Hyrcania, and all other neighboring peoples whom Alexander had conquered in war as far as the Indus. The boundaries of his rule in Asia extended further than those of any ruler apart from Alexander; the whole land from Phrygia eastwards to the river Indus was subject to Seleucus. He crossed the Indus and made war on Sandracottus [4], king of the Indians about that river, and eventually arranged friendship and a marriage alliance with him. Some of these achievements belong to the period before the end of Antig onus, others to after his death. [...]- Appian Ptolemy Assassinates Seleucus In September 281, Ptolemy Keraunos assassinated Seleucus, who was buried in a city he had founded and named for himself. Seleucus had 72 satraps under him [7], so vast was the territory he ruled. Most of it he handed over to his son [8], and ruled himself only the land from the sea to the Euphrates. His last war he fought against Lysimachus for the control of Hellespontine Phrygia; he defeated Lysimachus who fell in the battle, and crossed himself the Hellespont [9]. As he was marching up to Lysimachea [10] he was murdered by Ptolemy nicknamed Keraunos who was accompanying him [11].This Keraunos was the son of Ptolemy Soter and Eurydice the daughter of Antipater; he had fled from Egypt through fear, as Ptolemy had in mind to hand over his realm to his youngest son. Seleucus welcomed him as the unfortunate son of his friend, and supported and took everywhere his own future assassin. And so Seleucus met his fate at the age of 73, having been king for 42 years.- Ibid Sources Diodorus xviii Justin xiiiPlutarchNeposJona LenderingCurtius x.5.7 fGreek Coins and Their Parent Cities, by John Ward, Sir George Francis HillMasters of Command by Barry StraussGhost on the Throne, by James RommAlexander the Great and His Empire, by Pierre Briant

Business Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

Business Ethics - Essay Example The main body of the essay will be structured using the STAR format. According to Kotler & Armstrong (2004, p. 127), â€Å"written regulations cannot possibly cover all potential marketing abuses and existing laws may be difficult to enforce. However, beyond the written laws and regulations, business is also governed by social codes and rules of professional ethics.† Therefore, companies that are enlightened always encourage their managers to focus on doing the right things always for the betterment of the company. It is imperative for businesses to try to create a balance between the goals of the organisation as well as its CSR initiatives. Careful consideration should always be taken given that there are often conflicting interests whereby certain situations can give rise to disagreements about the right course of action that can be taken in a given situation. Ethics Basically, business ethics refers to the values, principles and standards that operate within business and th ese attempt to make a distinction between something that is morally good from bad (Rossouw, 2004). As such, values can be described as the â€Å"essential and enduring tenets† that help define the company and are â€Å"not to be compromised for financial gain or short term expediency,† (DesJardins, 2006, p.5). Cultural environments in which organisations operate shape the values of the organisations given that there are many forces that affect the way people behave such as perceptions about situations, preferences as well as attitudes which influence people to behave in a particular way (Kotler & Armstrong, 2004). It can be noted that there are different types of values in the organisation such as financial, political, historical as well as cultural. Corporate social responsibility On the other hand, the concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR) suggests that there is need for an organisation to establish goodwill with the values and norms of a particular societ y in which it would be operating. Whilst there is no agreed definition of the concept of CSR, it has been defined as a function that transcends but includes making profits, creating jobs and producing goods and services that satisfy the needs and interests of the stakeholders (Oketch 2005 as cited in Smith 2003). Strydom (2004, p.11) suggests that â€Å"CSR is the concept that maintains that businesses are part of the larger society in which they exist and are accountable to the society for their operations.† This means that there is need for the organisations to try to build a relationship between the goals and objectives of the organisation, needs and interests of the stakeholders and the society at large. This concept is also related to ethical issues in the organisation. Situation In this particular case, Gino, the CEO of DMBC intends to divide the windfall of the company between the new CSR program focused on Batten disease and employee bonuses. This follows the diagnosi s of his daughter with Batten disease and this is the major reason why he is pushing for this initiative. However, of notable concern is that the company had not given any pay rises to the employees for almost three years and in some instances, it had been forced to cut salaries for the employees but it seems that Gino is more concerned about the welfare of his daughter at the